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Ethereum’s ‘Pectra’ Upgrade Moves Closer to Mainnet After Sepolia Test

The upgrade, which introduces smart contract capabilities for wallets and increases validator stake limits, is nearing deployment.

By Margaux Nijkerk|Edited by Sam Kessler

Mar 5, 2025, 7:58 a.m.

What to know:

Ethereum’s Pectra upgrade successfully launched on the Sepolia testnet early Wednesday.
The update includes EIP-7251, increasing validator stake limits, and EIP-7702, enabling smart contract functionality for wallets.
A failed test on the Holesky testnet last week raises questions about the timeline for a mainnet rollout.

Ethereum’s long-awaited Pectra upgrade took a major step forward early Wednesday with its successful deployment on the Sepolia test network.

The biggest upgrade to Ethereum since 2024, Pectra consists of 11 major features, or "Ethereum improvement proposals" (EIPs), that will be shipped all at once. Together, the features aim to enhance staking, wallet functionality, and overall network efficiency.

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Sepolia's Pectra upgrade, which was completed at 07:29:36 UTC, followed a failed test on Ethereum’s Holesky testnet last week. A misconfiguration among validators resulted in a chain split, rendering Holesky temporarily unusable.

Testnets mimic a main blockchain and are used by developers to test code changes in a low-stakes environment. Holesky, which has a validator structure closer to Ethereum’s mainnet than Sepolia, was seen as a critical proving ground for Pectra. (Developers are still working to get Holesky back into operation and have set up an alternative developer network as a temporary testing ground for validators.)

Ethereum developers are set to meet on Mar. 6 to discuss Pectra's mainnet release timeline. With only one fully successful test, developers may opt to delay the mainnet deployment to ensure stability.

One key Pectra proposal that will benefit Ethereum validators is EIP-7251, which increases the maximum amount of ETH one can stake from 32 to 2,048. The change is meant to address today's clunky staking system, where validators who stake more than their 32 ETH must split their stake across multiple nodes.

Another highly-anticipated proposal, EIP-7702, would let crypto wallets temporarily function as smart contracts. The change moves Ethereum closer to account abstraction, enabling wallets to offer more user-friendly features. For example, users could pay transaction fees in stablecoins instead of ETH, set up automatic payments for subscriptions, or recover access to their wallets without relying on complex seed phrases.

Pectra's rocky test cycle comes as Ethereum's developers are under pressure to ship upgrades more quickly. Some Ethereum fans fear the network is losing its edge to newer chains like Solana, which has gained mindshare in recent months due to its popularity among meme coin users.

The price of ETH has also recently underperformed relative to other major coins, and the Ethereum Foundation—the non-profit steward of the network's development—has been beset by leadership drama.

Ethereum Pectra Upgrade hard fork Testnet

Margaux Nijkerk

Margaux Nijkerk reports on the Ethereum protocol and L2s. A graduate of Johns Hopkins and Emory universities, she has a masters in International Affairs & Economics. She holds BTC and ETH above CoinDesk's disclosure threshold of $1,000.